Bombast Definition and Examples of Bombast

Bombast Definition and Examples of Bombast A pejorative term for pompous and inflated speech or writing. Adjective: bombastic. Unlike eloquence, a favorable term for forceful and persuasive discourse, bombast generally refers to empty rhetoric or a windy grandeur of language (Eric Partridge). Dickensian Bombast My dear Copperfield, a man who labors under the pressure of pecuniary embarrassments, is, with the generality of people, at a disadvantage. That disadvantage is not diminished, when that pressure necessitates the drawing of stipendiary emoluments before those emoluments are strictly due and payable. All I can say is, that my friend Heep has responded to appeals to which I need not more particularly refer, in a manner calculated to redound equally to the honor of his head and of his heart.(Wilkins Micawber in David Copperfield by Charles Dickens) Shakespearean Bombast Full thirty times hath Phoebus cart gone roundNeptunes salt wash, and Tellus orbed ground;And thirty dozen moons, with borrowd sheen,About the world have times twelve thirties been;Since love our hearts, and Hymen did our hands,Unite communal in most sacred bands.(Player King in the play within a play in William Shakespeares Hamlet, Act III, scene two) Bombast and Hyperbole Bombast and hyperbole . . . are not interchangeable terms. Hyperbole is a figure of thought and one of the devices used to achieve bombast. Bombast is a stylistic mode, a manner of speaking and writing characterized by turgid and inflated language. The Elizabethans seem to have understood bombast to be more of an acoustic and an almost renegade quality of language, in contrast to rhetoric which was generally organized into a system. . . . Hyperbole shares with bombast the force of exaggeration, but not necessarily its lexical limitlessness and inelegance.​(Goran Stanivukovic, Shakespeares Style in the 1590s. The Oxford Handbook of Shakespeares Poetry,  ed. by Jonathan Post. Oxford University Press, 2013) Alexis de Tocqueville on American Bombast I have often noted that Americans, who generally conduct business in clear, incisive language devoid of all ornament and often vulgar in its extreme simplicity, are likely to go in for bombast when they attempt a poetic style. In speeches their pomposity is apparent from beginning to end and, seeing how lavish they are with images at every turn, one might think they never said anything simply. ​(Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, 1835) The Lighter Side of Platitudinous Ponderosity The following remarks on style appeared anonymously in dozens of late-19th-century and early-20th-century periodicals, ranging from Cornhill Magazine and the Practical Druggist to the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers Monthly Journal. Decide for yourself whether the advice is still appropriate. In promulgating your esoteric cogitations, or articulating your superficial sentimentalities, and amicable, philosophical or psychological observations, beware of platitudinous ponderosity.Let your conversational communications possess a clarified conciseness, a compacted comprehensiveness, coalescent consistency, and a concatenated cogency.Eschew all conglomerations of flatulent garrulity, jejune babblement and asinine affectation.Let your extemporaneous descantings and unpremeditated expatiations have intelligibility and veracious vivacity, without rhodomontade or thrasonical bombast.Sedulously avoid all polysyllabic profundity, pompous prolixity, psittaceous vacuity, ventriloquial verbosity, and vaniloquent vapidity.Shun double entendres, prurient jocosity, and pestiferous profanity, obscurant or apparent.In other words, talk plainly, briefly, naturally, sensibly, truthfully, purely. Keep from slang; dont put on airs; say what you mean; mean what you say; and dont use big words! (Anonymous, The Basket: The Journal of the Basket Fraternity, July 1904) Honey, dont let the blonde hair fool you. Although  bombastic  forms of  circumlocution  should be generally avoided, one mustnt shy away from big words in the right  context.(Aphrodite in Punch Lines.  Xena: Warrior Princess, 2000) Etymology:From Medieval Latin, cotton padding Also Known As: grandiloquence

The Best IB Math Study Guide and Notes for SL

The Best IB Math Study Guide and Notes for SL/HL SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips IB Math SL and IB Math HL are two of the toughest classes in the IB curriculum. It’s no surprise if you need a little extra help in either class. I’ve compiled this article of the best free online materials for IB Math SL/HL so you can get all the IB Math notes you need in one place. For convenience, I ordered the resources following the IB Math SL/HL syllabus. How To Use This IB Math Guide If you’re in search of information on one topic, use the Command + F function on your computer to search this guide for that specific topic. For instance, if you want to read about Algebraic Sequences, use Command + F to bring up the search function. Type â€Å"Algebraic Sequences,† and you’re computer will show you all of the study materials for Algebraic Sequences. I split the material into three categories: Broad Notes: Longer (generally 3-10 pages) that provide an overview of most or all of the subjects covered in a topic. Specific Subject: Shorter summaries of specific subjects within a topic. Video: demonstration videos of how to solve past paper problems related to the subject. Common Study Errors IB Math SL/HL Students Make IB Math SL/HL cover a lot of material. With so much material, you can’t afford to fall behind because you won’t be able to catch back up. You need to master the subjects during the school year in order to excel on the IB Math SL/HL papers. Common errors are: Ignoring the material you don’t understand. If you didn’t understand it from your teacher, you need to look for outside help, possibly in this IB Math study guide or for even more help consider tutoring. Only studying right before the IB Math SL/HL papers. As I said before, there are too many topics for both courses to master in only a couple weeks (that’s why these courses are spread over a couple years). Master the subjects when you’re learning them in class. Use this study guide or hire a tutor if you need extra help: Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. Core Topics- 140 Hours for SL and 182 Hours for HL For IB Math SL and HL, all students study the topics listed below. Here are a complete set of IB Math notes. Complete IB Math Overview: Standard Level This 167-page set of notes includes every topic covered in IB Math SL. It's definitely not something you want to read in one night, but it's great to reference as you review different IB Math topics. It's highly organized, so you can search the table of contents to find the exact topic you want to study. Topic 1: Algebra Broad Notes: Topic 1: Algebra Specific Subject: Arithmetic and geometric series Arithmetic and geometric sequences Binomial theorem Completing the square Number sets, approximation, and scientific notation Videos: Arithmetic Sequences and Series Geometric Sequences and Series Sigma Notation Exponents (Laws and Solving) Logarithms (Laws and Solving) Binomial Theorem Topic 2: Functions and Equations Broad Notes: Topic 2: Functions and Equations Specific Subject: Composite function Concept and notation Exponentials and logarithms Exponential functions Factor theorem Inverse function Quadratic functions Quadratic forms Quadratic functions Transformations Functions Videos Functions (Domain and Range, Composite, Inverse) Functions (Transformations) Factorising Quadrants Completing the Square (Quadratics) Discriminant Test Rational Functions (Asymptotes and Sketching) Exponential and Logarithmic Functions Sketching Functions With a Calculator Topic 3: Circular Functions and Trigonometry Broad Notes: Topic 3: Circular Functions and Trigonometry Specific Subject: Equations of lines Trig ratios Sine and cosine rules Trigonometry Videos Radians, Length of Arc, Area of Sector Unit Circle and Trig Ratios Trig Identities Trig Graphs (Circular Functions) Solving Trig Functions Sine and Cosine Rules, Area of a Triangle Degrees vs Radians Topic 4: Vectors Broad Notes: Topic 4: Vectors Specific Subject: 2D and 3D lines Basic vector arithmetic Intro to vectors More on lines Scalar product Videos Vectors: Basics Scalar Product and Angle Between Two Vectors Vector Equation of a Line Intersection of Two Vector Lines Topic 5: Statistics and Probability Broad Notes: Topic 5: Statistics and Probability Specific Subject: Binomial distribution Probability rules Probability Set theory Logic review Representations of probability Continuous variables Discrete variables Standard deviation Statistics representations Stats vocabulary Using normal distributions Normal distribution Two variable statistics Videos Mean, Standard Deviation, and Variance Bivariate Statistics Venn Diagrams and Probability Conditional Probability Probability Distribution Binomial Distribution Normal Distribution Topic 6: Calculus Broad Notes: Topic 6: Calculus Calculus I Calculus II Specific Subject: Derivatives by first principle Intro to derivatives Derivatives of more complex functions Derivatives part 1 Derivatives part 2 Intro to integration Indefinite integrals Kinematics Limits Local max and min Optimization Tangent and normals Volumes of revolution Videos Differentiation Rules Equation of a Tangent Optimisation and Calculus Curves Integration Rules Integration by Substitution Volume of Revolution Kinematics Options- 48 Hours for HL Only IB Math HL students study one of the following four options listed below. There are fewer written notes for these topics, but you still have many videos and practice questions to use for your review. Topic 7: Statistics and Probability Videos Practice questions: Discrete random variables Practice questions: Probability density functions and cumulative distribution functions Practice questions: Correlation Practice questions: Regression Topic 8: Sets, Relations, and Groups Videos Practice questions: domain and range Practice questions: inverse functions Topic 9: Calculus Videos Practice questions: Maclaurin's series Practice questions: Taylor's series Practice questions: Exact equations (integrating factors) Substitution types Topic 10: Discrete Mathematics Videos Summary: The Best IB Math Study Materials IB Math has six Core Topics that both SL and HL students study, as well as one of four Options that HL students will also study. There are many free IB Math notes and study resources available online, especially when compared to other IB classes, which often have few high-quality online resources. This makes it easier to keep up with what you're learning in IB Math and be prepared for all the exams for the class. There are multiple types of IB Math study resources, including general study guides, in-depth notes, and videos you can watch. Try out each of them to see which ones work best with your study style. Remember, you want to study early and consistently in order to be well prepared throughout the school year. What’s Next? Learn more about IB Math: Every IB Math Past Paper Available: Free and Official Looking for more resources for IB Math review? Check out our articles on trig identities, completing the square, finding the mean of a set of numbers, and calculating statistical significance. Learn more about other IB classes: IB Biology Past Paper Available: Free and Official Every IB Business and Management Past Paper Available: Free and Official Where to Find IB Chemistry Past Papers - Free and Official Every IB Geography Past Paper Available: Free and Official Every IB History Past Paper Available: Free and Official Every IB Economics Past Paper Available: Free and Official Every IB English Past Paper Available: Free and Official The Complete IB Extended Essay Guide: Examples, Topics, and Ideas Where to Find IB Physics Past Papers - Free and Official Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Manets On the Beach and Vincent van Goghs The Sower Essay

Manets On the Beach and Vincent van Goghs The Sower - Essay Example Ordinary subjects are used. The painter uses small stokes, sometimes even using pointillism, to create the impression of their subject. The use of color is more vivid in these scenes. Movement is also a characteristic of Impressionism. Both Manet’s On the Beach and van Gogh’s The Sower use impressionism as a style. Manet’s On the Beach and van Gogh’s The Sower use everyday subjects. Manet’s subject was his wife and brother at the beach. Van Gogh’s The Sower depicts a field worker leaving the fields at sunset after a long day reaping wheat. Although Manet used his brother and wife, the beach scene could have been any two people. The ordinary subject did not matter as much as catching the moment in time on canvas. While Manet captured family members, van Gogh painted a random worker. The other difference is Manet captured people at leisure, while van Gogh painted a worker. The two scenes are polar opposite. One shows people that are well off en ough to go to the beach and relax, while the latter shows a worker. Both are ordinarily different. The technique and style used in both paintings make them Impressionism. Manet has smoother small strokes, but they are still small. Van Gogh’s picture has more visible small strokes. The contrast is Manet’s painting looks smoother than van Gogh’s rough picture. Although both are oil paintings, the blending method makes the visual impact different. This type of painting technique gives the impression, but no real detail in features.

Criminal Procedure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Criminal Procedure - Essay Example ith Justice Antonin Scalia, each and every constitutional law should be interpreted depending on the actual context and should not be subjected with the addition of multiple other associative meanings4;5. On the contrary, the commentators appeared to have criticized Justice Antonin Scalia stating him to be highly concentrative on the understandable meaning of the constitutional laws6. The commentators elaborated the necessity of the textualist towards understanding of the situation depending on which he /she should be interpreting the constitution laws. In accordance with the second commentator, textualisation of a constitutional law can either be projected as a narrowed down aspects or a broadened principle. Thus, the second comment implies the alignment of the commentator with the statements made by the first commentator7. The second commentator left a vagueness within the understanding of the situation as per which the narrowing or the broadening of the contextual textualisation should take place. Irrespective of all these, the third commenter presented his views upon the two types of textualists i.e. ‘semantic-originalists’ and ‘expectation-originalists’ that take specific consideration of the law writer’s intention in terms of imparting a specific meaning of the constitution that appears to be misaligned with the facts mentioned by Justice Antonin Scalia8. Justice Antonin Scalia also proved the fourth comment regarding the attainment of associated meaning from the constitutional interpretation as vague by stating that the legislation only possesses the authority of structuring the rules and it should remain confined to a specific meaning9. The alternative mentioned by Justice Antonin Scalia in terms of interpreting the constitutional laws can be considered as effective in recommending appropriate legal texts. The facts mentioned within the book has also been observed to be laying significant amount of focus on the development and introduction of a

Memories of my childhood Essay Example for Free

Memories of my childhood Essay Thinking back when I was ten brings up a lot of memories of my childhood. I was a tom boy and a big eater because of my high metabolism and extremely high energy level. I look back at my favorite foods and there are many that come to mind. I loved Chef Boyardee Ravioli and Spaghetti O’s. I also loved my mom’s homemade chicken and dumplings and bisquits, peanut butter and banana sandwiches, and mom’s cookies. These have been my favorites throughout the years with the exception of the Chef Boyardee Ravioli and Spaghetti O’s. My mom has taught me how to prepare some of her recipes so that I may pass them on to my children and them to theirs. I think I will continue to eat these dishes until my body can no longer handle the ingredients that make these dishes so scrumptious. My mother is 52yrs old and still enjoys these foods she is in very good health with the exception of her osteoporosis so if I continue taking care of myself and my body and nothing bad happens besides what already has happened, I think I should be able to eat these dishes for a very long time. There are several reasons why dietary modifications need to be changed throughout the different stages of life. From birth the old age are metabolism is constantly changing, we go from a high energy intake to a slowed metabolism. Healthful diets help promote the growth of infancy into your older adulthood, and it helps with the productivity to help prevent obesity, high blood pressure and cholesterol, certain diseases, strokes, heart attacks, and osteoporosis.

Good News Regarding Vouchers and School Choice :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Good News Regarding School Choice Good News v. Milford is very good news indeed for advocates of school vouchers and faith-based organizations (FBOs). The Supreme Court's 6-3 decision upholding the right of a Christian youth group to meet in public schools after class hours is a significant signal of the Court's willingness to treat religious organizations and viewpoints on an evenhanded basis. In 1992, Milford Central School in New York State enacted a community use policy outlining purposes for which its building could be used after school. Under the policy, district residents could use the school for "instruction in any branch of education, learning, or the arts." The school was also to be made available for "social, civic, and recreational meetings and entertainment events, and other uses pertaining to the welfare of the community, provided that such uses shall be nonexclusive and shall be opened to the general public." Several district residents who sponsored the local Good News Club-a private, voluntary Christian organization for children ages six to twelve-submitted a request to the interim superintendent of the district, seeking to hold the Club's weekly after-school meetings in the school cafeteria. They were excluded, however, because their proposed use-to have "a fun time of singing songs, hearing a Bible lesson, and memorizing Scripture"-was "the equivalent of r eligious worship." The school authorities claimed that such a meeting was prohibited by the rules that forbid the school from being used "by any individual or organization for religious purposes."(1) The Court, per Justice Clarence Thomas, found Milford to have created a limited public forum-in essence, a standing invitation to use public property for the designated purposes. When the state establishes a limited public forum, the state is not required to and does not allow persons to engage in every type of speech. However, said the Court, the state's power to restrict speech is not without limits. Such restriction must not discriminate against speech on the basis of viewpoint, and the restriction must be "reasonable in light of the purpose served by the forum."(2) Relying upon two earlier but more narrowly written opinions, the Court found the school district to have discriminated against the proposed religious speech in Good News. In Lamb's Chapel v. Center Moriches (1993), the Justices held that a school district violated the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment when it excluded a private group from presenting films at the school based solely on the films' discussions of family values from a religious perspective.

Crowd Management in Sport Facilities Essay

When conditions or circumstances warrant substantial levels of wariness, crowd management as a consequence becomes prudent. The key in getting a safe and comfortable environment for large packs of people is in planning for their management. There is considerable prominence on crowd management planning and implementation since it is important to provide a safe environment for everyone. Crowd management must take into account all the rudiments of an event especially the type of event, for example a circus, sporting, concert, or carnival event. It must also view characteristics of the facility, dimension and demeanor of the crowd, methods of entry, communications, crowd control, plus queuing (Herb, 1998). As in all management, it must also include planning, arranging, staffing, directing in addition to evaluating. Crowd management is best defined as every element of the game or event from the design of the stadium to the game itself as well as the protection of the customers from unforeseeable risk of danger from other persons or from the actual facility itself. The main criteria for gouging if crowd control procedures are sufficient and suitable depend on the kind of event, threats of aggression, existence and sufficiency of the emergency arrangement, expectation of crowd size in addition to seating arrangement, known rivalries among teams along with schools, and the use of security personnel (Herb, 1997). Crowd management is therefore paramount in sports facilities and venues because of the large masses that throng such places. Some facilities involve more sport management than others, thus would require more crowd management during functions. Venues should be primarily assessed for safety and its ability to hold large crowds. From the evaluation, the results should be processed, conclusions drawn, proposals made and a report written to all parties involved. The team that carries out such a task should be well trained in this area and used to dealing with all sorts of events, particularly sports. Reference Herb, A. (1998) Risk Management in Sport: Issues and Strategies. London, Carolina Academic Press Miller, L. (1997) Sport Business Management. New York, Jones & Barlett Publishers.

Common Law Essay

Chantelle woods v Department of Arts, Culture and the Gaeltacht 1)The relevant information that has bearing on this case vWhat was the previous health condition of Chantelle Woods before the accident? vWhat part of the building was she in? Where there any sign to say that staff and visitors are prohibited from coming in? vWas there any caution sign placed on the steps case? vWhat type of foot wear was she wearing when the accident occurred? vHas anyone ever fell from the step case before? vWas she carrying anything while climbing the steps? vDid she used the ray that was provided on the steps? From the investigation I had done in regard to the accident Mrs Wood had at the place of work during her lunch break, I was able to get the answers to the question listed above which had bearing on this case. Mrs Woods is suffering from short sightedness which means that she had to wear her glasses at all times. The picture of Mrs Woods that was replayed form the CCTV camera show that she was walking on the steps when the accident occurred without her glasses. The spot where the accident occurs was not appropriate place provided for staffs to have their break, although the floor was wet and there was no caution sign to indicate that it was a wet floor. She had proper chosen to go there in order to have a quite place to chat with her friend on the phone. It is very obvious that the kind of shoes Mrs Wood had on can leads to a fall even when the floor is dry, as the hill was about seven inches high. This is neither easy to walk with nor climbing the steps with. Despite that the floor was wet, there was no report that anyone had fell from that steps on that particular day expect Mrs Woods. I also get to understand that Mrs Wood was struggling with a heave file with one on hand, talking on the phone and climbing the steps at the same time. The ray provided was not used by Mrs Woods because she had her hands engaged with stuff. Examine this situation there is a huge possibilities that an accident can occurs. Negligence 2)Negligence What is? â€Å"Negligence can be defined as the failure to act reasonable in any circumstance to avoid causing damage or injury which is foreseeable†. (www.wikipedia.com[->0]) accessed 5/12/12 In other words it simply means harm caused by carelessness but not intentional. Donoghue v Stevenson. This law of negligence was established in the case. A man bought a bottle of ginger beer form a shop. The man gave the beer to his friend who drank it and found slug at the bottom of the bottle. As a result of what he saw, he had a shock and severe gastroenteritis. She took a legal action against the manufacturer. The Judge â€Å"Analyse the rules of negligence that the manufacturer of a product owed a duty of care to the end user of their product. If they failed to exercise a reasonable duty of care in all circumstance and a person suffers loss or damage as a result of their negligence, therefore they made themselves liable for the person’s loss under negligence†. (Davenport, 2008) Before any case can succeed under negligence the following element must be established Element of Negligence vDuty of Care: Is a legal obligation on the individual ensuring that they adhere to a standard of reasonable care when performing an acts they could foreseeable harm other. Everyone owes a reasonable duty of care to avoid foreseeable things that would likely injure or harm their neighbour. The word neighbour is the people closer that can be directly affected by our action. The manufacturer of a product owes a duty of care to the end users of their product. An employer owes a reasonable duty of care to their employee by providing a safe place for them to work. The case of Ryan v Ireland 1989 Explain the extent the employer owes their employees a duty of care to their employees. The plaintiff was a soldier who was working under the supervision of the Superior officer in a conflict situation. So many people lost their lives at that particular spot where he was assigned, as a result of gunshot. This made the entire soldier on guard to abandon their duty in order to save their lives. But after some days the gun fires cease and the area was declare safe. The superior officer ordered the plaintiff to return back to their normal position. The plaintiff was shot at that particular immediately after his resumption this lead to his disablement. The Supreme Court â€Å"Held that the state as an employer had failed to take reasonable care of his servant,† the Officer owes the plaintiff a duty of care, although the work of soldiers involves unavoidable risk of death and injury. A reasonable man can foreseeable that there is a possibility of gunfire at that spot where the plaintiff got injured; as so many people had lost their lives there before. The superior officer who sent an employee under his care to that same spot where killing are taking place did not act reasonable in anyway; therefore the Supreme Court ruled that the state was liable for the plaintiff disablement. (Brian Doolan, 8th edition, 2011) The department of Arts, Culture and the Gaeltacht owes a duty of care Mrs Woods which is to provide a safe place for her to a work as an employee. If the work of a soldier that involves unavoidable risk of death and injury, yet the employer was held liable for the disablement of a plaintiff that got himself involves in such job, Therefore the department of Arts, Culture and the Gaeltacht should be held liable because it is unforeseeable that Mrs Woods can lost her enjoyment of life due to the nature of her job. It is very obvious that the vinyl surface of the stairs was notoriously slippy. A reasonable employer can foresee the possibility of anyone especially a female wearing hill can had a fall due to the situation of the landing. It is the duty of the employer to ensure that there are cleaners on duty during the working hours to keep the environment clean and save. vBreach of the duty of care: Is the failure to act reasonable or protect someone who a person owed a duty of care from the been affected negatively by our action. In this case of Mrs Woods versus Department of Arts, Culture and the Gaeltacht, prove that there was a breach in duty of care. It is the duty of an employer to provide safe place for the employees to work. During the working hours cleaners and security were supposed to be on duty to tidy up the environment, or indicate that particular spot by placing a caution sign to say that the floor was wet. Even if Mrs Woods was talking on the phone while walking on the land, seeing the caution sign would have made her to take proper care of her steps. In this circumstance, failure to indicate that particular place was not safe to work is the breach in the duty of care. vcausation: This is principle that proves the link between the defendant negligence and the claimant or plaintiff loss or damages. It simply means that if the breach in the duty of care owed to whoever is due for their damage that they are suffering from. The Egg-shell skull rule â€Å"This principle states that the defendant should take their victim as they found them†. (Ursula Connolly, 2005). Anyone who causes damage to another person must pay for whatever injury the person is suffering from. It does not matter if the injury is worse than what another person would have expected. In the case of Vosburg v Putney In United State, 11 years old boy kicked 14 years old boy, who already had an unknown microbial in the shin while at school. The microbial can easily be irritated by kick. As a result of the kick the 14 years old lost the use of his leg. The court ruled that the kick was unlawful; therefore the 11 years boy was held liable (www.wikipedia .com) accessed on the 17/12/2011. Although Mrs Wood already has an existing spine problem, she was still able to do her normal job without any complain. It was just a minor problem for her because it did not stop her from doing anything. As a result of the accident she had during her lunch break made her minor injury worse and inability to return to her normal job. As we all know working with computer involve sit down over a period of time depend on the nature of the job. There is the possibility that Mrs Wood would not be able to do any job that as to do with sitting down over a period of time, due to the nature of the injury which occur at the her place of work. Falling from 10 to 12 steps and landing a head at the bottom could result to a future injury. Therefore the employer should be held liable for her injury according to the egg shell skull rule which says that our victim should be taking as we found them. The type of the injury: There are two types of injuries that are recognised in law, which are as follow. vSpecial injury: These are the injury that are quantifiable in nature, example loss of hearing, hospital bill etc. vGeneral injury: They are less quantifiable in nature but more subjective. Example includes pain, loss of amenity and enjoyment of life and future health problem etc. I would classified Mrs Woods injury as an injury under general damages, because she is suffering from pain, inability to do the job where she earn her living and there is also a possibility that she will have a future spinal cord problem as a result of the accident she had at the place of work. Although the accident Mrs. woods had at her place of work, was not intentional or deliberate act, but she contributed to it. Contributory negligence: This is the situation whereby the Plaintiff contributed or failed to act reasonable to secure her own safety. From my own personal investigation, Mrs. Woods contributed to the accident in so many ways, like chatting on the phone with her friend while climbing the steps. It is very obvious that all her attention were on the phone rather down the concentrating on the steps she was climbing. Despite that the floor was wet; there are other evidence to prove that accident would had occur due to the negligence of Mrs Woods; failure to wear her glasses, walking with 6 inches high heel etc. How could she be able to identified the spot that was wet without wearing her glasses when she suffering from short sightedness. Again the 6 inches high heel she had on was too high to be worn on a working environment. Badger v. The minister of defence EWCH 2005 A widow took a legal action against the minister of defence on behalf of her dead husband, who was a smoker. He was employed as a boiler maker in the department. During the course of his employment, he was exposed to asbestos dust and fibre which made him to be a patient of lung cancer that leads to his untimely death. The medical evidence proved that his continuous smoking habit contributed the lungs cancer that lead to his premature death. Justice Stanley Brown Refers to section 1 (1) of the law Reform (contributory negligence) act 1954 A person that suffers damages, partly from his own fault or the fault of another person excluding the defendant, shall receive reduced recoverable damages as result of his carelessness as required by law. Therefore Mrs. Badger claim was reduced by 25 percent. Therefore there shall be a reduction on the claim of Mrs. Woods as she had failed to exercise a reasonable care for her safety. The limitation Period This is the period of time in which an individual or organisation are given the opportunity to sue for the tort that occurs. Within this period, anyone that which to make a claim for what he/she suffers has a result of the behaviour of the defendant, has the right to do so within the period of time; but after this time limit the case is said to be statue barred as the right to make a claim has been ceased. In the case of Mrs Woods v the department of Arts, Culture and the Gaeltacht, The case was within the limitation period, as the accident occurred in February and in August the year she took a legal action against her employer. She made this claim under personal injury and the limitation period for such cases is two years. Her claim is not statue barred because it was within a year. Case two Mr. Cuddy a purchaser who took a proceedings action under negligent mis-statement against Wood Bell Camp about the property he purchased which was incorrectly calculated by Woods Bell Camp’s employee. Negligence Mis Statement What is Negligent Mis-statement? Negligent mis-statement is the representation of fact, carelessly made which is not on the favour of the claimant. It can also be refers to as inaccurate statement that is supplied by a trustworthy person to another who relies and act according to the information he had received. Statement like this are always disadvantages on the side of the claimant. Some of the disadvantages can be loss of income, enjoyment of life etc. For a person to be liable under negligent misstatement, the special relationship must be established. Special relationship is the trust or the relationship that exit between the maker and the recipient of the statement. The maker should be aware that the recipient relies and acts based on the information received from him/her. It is the duty of the maker of the statement to ensure that the information supplied is correct in order not to be liable for it. This special relationship was established in the case of David Walsh v. Jones Lang Lasalle Ltd [2007] IEHC 28. The Plaintiff claims for damages for compensation for the loss and damages he had sustained as a result of negligent and negligent misstatement from the defendant. The plaintiff purchased a property from a well known firm of auctioneer retained by the owner of the property. The plaintiff was given 23,057 square feet, as the total measurement of the floor. He did not to contact a private surveyor to measure the floor area in order to confirm if the measurement supplied by the defendant were accurate. He purchased the property for  £2, 34200 Irish pounds. The purchaser later find out t at the floor area was 1,817 square feet less than was given to him by the defendant. He took a legal action against defendant under negligent misstatement. Judge Quirke â€Å"Deals with this issue saying that the defendants failed to exercise requisite and approach standard of care which a purchaser is entitle to expect from a reputable auctioneer. Therefore is a breach in the duty of care†. Walsh v Jones Lasalle ltd case is quite similar to Cuddy v Wood Bell Camp. The plaintiff Mr Cuddy did not fully relies on the information given to him by Wood Bell Camp because he contacted a property surveyor to examined the property before he made up his mind to purchase the property. He made a loss on that property because the floor measurement is 30% lesser that what he was given to him by the auctioneers. Woods Bell Camp is liable of negligent misstatement by supplying an inaccurate calculation. In the case of Walsh v Jones Lasalle, the high court ruled that most auctioneers had some of form of disclaimer on their brochure â€Å"Judge Quirke explained that the disclaimer comprises of an effort to protect the agent form relatively minor errors. He said that he would expect their measurement to accurate which the purchaser can rely upon†. In this aspect of it, Wood Bell Camp has failed for their inaccurate measurement and the purchaser who relied on upon them had made a loss on his purchase. Judge Quirke If the defendant wished to reserve to itself the right to publish within its sales brochure, precise measurements which were in fact grossly inaccurate and, to relieved itself of liability to the category of persons to whom the brochure and its contents were directed, then there was an obligation upon the defendant to draw to the attention of the plaintiff and other prospective purchasers the fact that the seemingly precise measurements published were likely to be wholly unreliable and should not be relied upon in any circumstances. Satisfy themselves as to the correctness of the information given the defendant failed to discharge that obligation. (Walsh v Jones Lasalle ltd) Since woods Bell Camps had also failed to information the purchaser not rely on their measurement, they should also be held liable for the loss of the purchaser according to Judge Quirke in Walsh v Jones Lasalle Ltd case. Vicarious Liability Vicarious liability is a legal principle that transfers liability of an injury to a person who did not cause the injury, but who has specific relationship to a person who acted negligently. The owner of a vehicle is liable for the tort committed by his driver, an employer is held liable for his employees negligent act, while at work under the course of employment (this is during the working hour when an employer assigned an employee to specific task) any tort committed by the employees while doing the task is known as a tort committed during the course of employment. There is a special relationship that exists between the employer and the employee. Therefore Wood Bell Camp should be held liable under vicarious liability act for the tort committed by the Brody Shine, because he was employed by the company, who assigned him to sell the property purchased by Mr Cuddy. Defence consent and contributory negligence Consent refers to the provision of approval or disapproval, regarding a specific issue after much consideration, this is very important because it render contact lawfully. Although Wood Bell Camp was aware that Mr Cuddy has assigned a property surveyor to examined the property, but they were not aware that the surveyor were only relying on their own measurement instead of taking his own personal measurement of the property. Mr Cuddy also contributed to his own loss by failing to ensure that the property surveyor he had assigned to take the measurement of the property and compared it to the one supplied by Wood Bell Camp before purchasing the property. â€Å"the court ruled that the duty of care of which the plaintiff owes was to ensure that the measurement of the property which the defendant published of the sales brochure was is accurate before purchasing the property.† (In the case of Walsh v Jones lasalle ltd) Although David Walsh did not contacted a property surveyor to examine the property before he purchased it, Mr Cuddy did but only failed to ensure that the measurement are accurate this made him contributed to his own loss. If had he done his own measurement and bring it to the awareness of Wood Bell Camp, I am sure the price would have been reduced for him to suit the correct measurement. Another auctioneer would have been assigned by the company to retake the floor measurement and compared it to what Mr Cuddy property surveyor had provided. Bibliography Brian, Doolan (2011) Principle of Irish Law, Dublin, Gill and Macmillian Davenport, Ruth (2008) make that grade fundamentals of Irish law, Dublin, Gill and Macmillian Ursula, Connolly (2009) Round Hall nutshells Tort, Dublin, Thomson Reuters Electronic Source www.bailii.org. www.courtservice.ie [->0] – http://www.wikipedia.com

Retirement and old age Essays

Retirement and old age Essays Retirement and old age Essay Retirement and old age Essay Retirement and old age Many people choose to retire when they are eligible for private or public pension benefits, although some are forced to retire when physical conditions no longer allow the person to work any more (by illness or accident) or as a result of legislation concerning their position. Nowadays most developed countries have systems to provide pensions on retirement in old age, which may be sponsored by employers and/or the state. In many poorer countries, support for the old is still mainly provided through the family. In many western countries this right is mentioned in national onstitutions. The standard retirement age varies from country to country but it is generally between 50 and 70 (according to latest statistics, 2011). The list includes 91 countries, home to 89 percent of the worlds elderly. Sweden tops the list, followed by Norway and Germany. It is interesting to note that Japan, where the annual event of elderly people honouring became a national holiday half a century ago, only Just reaches the top ten. Also, Austria, which in a similar, recent survey by Forbes, was at the top of their list, was not included in this survey at all. Our country occupied 60th osition, ahead of Poland, Serbia, Ukraine, Moldova and Russia. The most uncomfortable countries for the elderly to be living are Pakistan, Tanzania and Afghanistan. The study shows that the indicator of GDP per capita is a poor one for elderly people. For example, poorer countries like Mauritius and Sri Lanka are high up on the list thanks to their progressive social policies, whilst the USA, with all its riches, is only in eighth place. Experts took into account, not only the income of those who are over 60, but also their state of health, education, employment, favourable environment and their social activity. The number of people of honourable age is growing, and by 2050 there will be more than 2 billion of them. According to forecasts, the amount of elderly people in Belarus will reach 28 percent in the next 12 years. The youngest people, teenagers, people in their 20s, are the least happy bunch. Theres a lot of uncertainty and you are forming your identity and youre not really sure who you are. You might not have the confidence that you have when youre older. But the surveys show that people tend to get happier as they get older and that peak happens fairly late. By DianaSea

Why Students Cheat and How to Stop It

Why Students Cheat and How to Stop It Cheating in our schools has reached epidemic proportions. Why do students cheat? What can we as parents do to prevent it? Here are some answers to these questions and much more in this article which features an in-depth interview with one of the nations top authorities on the subject, Gary Niels. Why do students cheat? Here are three reasons: 1. Everybody does it. Its disturbing to discover that young people in middle school and high school think that it is acceptable to cheat. But its our fault, isnt it? We adults encourage young people to cheat. Take multiple choice tests, for example: they literally invite you to cheat. Cheating, after all, is nothing more than a game of wits as far as teenagers are concerned. Kids delight in outwitting adults, if they can. While cheating is discouraged in private schools by tough Codes of Behavior which are enforced, cheating still exists. Private schools which devise tests requiring written answers rather than multiple guess answers discourage cheating. Its more work for teachers to grade, but written answers do eliminate an opportunity for cheating. 2. There are unrealistic demands for academic achievement from state and federal education authorities. The public education sector is accountable to government, largely as a result of No Child Left Behind. State legislatures, state boards of education, local boards of education, unions, and countless other organizations demand action to correct the real and imagined failings of our nations public education system. As a result, students must take standardized tests so that we can compare one school system to another nationally and at the state level. In the classroom these tests mean that a teacher must achieve the expected results or better, or she will be viewed as ineffective, or worse, incompetent. So instead of teaching your child how to think, she teaches your child how to pass the test. No Child Left Behind is driving most of the assessment teaching these days. Educators really have no option but to produce the best possible results. To do that they must teach solely to the test or else. The best antidotes for cheating are teachers who fill children with a love of learning, who impart some idea of lifes possibilities and who understand that assessment is merely a means to an end, not the end itself. A meaningful curriculum will shift the focus from learning boring lists of irrelevant facts to exploring subjects in depth. 3. Cheating is expedient. It can be the easy way out. Years ago cheaters lifted whole passages from an encyclopedia and called them their own. That was plagiarism. Plagiarisms newest incarnation is dead easy: you simply point and click your way to the site with the relevant information, swipe and paste it, reformat it somewhat and its yours. Need to write a paper in a hurry? You can quickly find a site which provide a paper for a fee. Or go to a chat room and swap papers and projects with students nationwide. Perhaps youd prefer to cheat using texting or email. Both work just fine for that purpose. Sadly, many parents and teachers have not learned the subtleties of electronic cheating What can we do about it?   Schools need to have zero tolerance policies concerning cheating.Teachers must be vigilant and alert to all the newer forms of cheating, particularly electronic cheating. SmartPhones and tablets  are powerful tools for cheating with uses limited only by a students imagination. How do you fight that kind of brain power? Discuss the issue with both technology-savvy students and adults. Their exploits and perspective will help you fight electronic cheating. Teachers:  Ultimately the best solution is to make learning exciting and absorbing. Teach the whole child. Make the learning process student-centric. Allow students to buy into the process. Empower them to guide and direct their learning. Encourage creativity and critical thinking as opposed to rote learning. Parents:  We parents have a huge role to play in combating cheating. Thats because our children mimic almost everything we do. We must set the right sort of example for them to copy. We must also take a genuine interest in our childrens work. Ask to see everything and anything. Discuss everything and anything. An involved parent is a powerful weapon against cheating. Students:  Students must learn to be true to themselves and their own core values. Dont let peer pressure and other influences steal your dream. If you are caught, cheating has serious consequences. Editors Note:  Gary Niels  is Head of  Winchester Thurston School  in Pittsburgh and the author of a very useful paper on cheating entitled Academic Practices, School Culture and Cheating Behavior. I am grateful to him for answering my questions.    Everybody does it. Unrealistic demands for academic achievement by state education boards. Expediency or the easy way out are some of the reasons students cheat. Are there other reasons of which you are aware? The first thing to recognize about cheating is that the vast majority of young people (and adults for that matter) believe that cheating is wrong. Yet, by nearly every poll, most young people cheat at least once in their high school career. So, the most important question is why do young people behave in ways that are inconsistent with their stated beliefs? I believe the answer to this lies in a survival instinct. I am not a psychologist, but I believe there is a mechanism within each of us which triggers a need to save face. Saving face can mean a desire to save oneself from the angry assault of a parent or teacher; it can mean avoiding embarrassment; it can mean economic survival or a perceived pressure be it self-inflicted or inflicted by some other extraneous force. Nowadays, college acceptance is the major instigator of this survival instinct. Of course, the survival instinct isnt the only reason young people cheat. They might cheat because they find a lesson or a course to be meaningless -having no perceived relevance to their lives. They might also cheat because they belief something is unfair, so feel justified in cheating. Lets examine each one of these reasons in more detail. First of all, Everybody does it. To me thats like saying everybody cheats on their taxes or lies about their age. Does this signify a lack of moral conviction on the part of society as we head into the new millennium? Are parents setting the wrong example for their children? Historically, sociologists and psychologists have studied cheating behavior under the classification of aberrant or deviant behavior. Psychologists and sociologists have applied theories of deviant behavior in order to understand cheating. However, cheating is no longer deviant behavior; it is now normal behavior. This change poses a significant challenge for those who seek to establish academic integrity in a school environment since the student code is stronger to break and is more prevalent. As for the role of parents, Id like to come back to that a little later. The demand for accountability has created a clamor for state testing of students. The pressures are enormous on both students and teachers. How widespread do you think cheating is in this area? Does state testing  ipso facto  encourage cheating to achieve acceptable results? Although I cannot excuse it, I understand why an educator might find state testing to offer an unbearable pressure to cheat by in some way giving your students an unfair advantage. If you tell a school administrator that his schools existence or employment might hinge on his students performance on a test, I believe you are tempting fate. Most human beings have a breaking point and when anything threatens a persons livelihood, income and/or social status, you put them in a survival mode. In other words, as you threaten that individuals existence, you tempt them to reach their moral breaking point. Cheating offers an easy way out. Why bother studying hard and doing all those term papers by yourself if you can use somebody elses work? Would you agree that expediency is a major reason for cheating? Expediency might be one reason for cheating, but Im not sure its the main reason. In fact, strangely, young people will sometimes go to greater lengths to cheat than to study for a test. Occasionally, this is due to boredom. Studies indicate that there is a high correlation between certain pedagogical practices and cheating behavior: lack of clarity in a lesson, perceived lack of relevance, and too few tests offered in a grading period are just a few examples. Ive even wondered at times if cheating isnt some form of student protest against certain types of curricular or pedagogical factors. One mathematics teacher had an interesting insight into a student who had gone to elaborate lengths to program his calculator to outsmart his teacher. I cant help but believe that a student who is so capable in using technology, couldnt ace an Algebra test. Also, I find when I prepare a test with calculator use, I emphasize the problem solving aspect, not the calculation. Those real world applications which we are encouraged by (the NCTM) Standards to employ in our classes actually defeat the need to cheat in classes, or dont provide the opportunity to cheat. Without wishing to appear to be blaming teachers, it is necessary to point out that the way we present our curricula and the type of assessments that we offer can influence cheating behavior. We need to demonstrate to students why it is important for them to know the material we are presenting and the purpose it will serve in the bigger context of their studies and lives. Forms of Cheating One of the reasons you and I are doing this interview is to make our colleagues, both teachers and parents, more aware of the highly sophisticated forms which cheating has adopted since the advent of technology in the classroom. Can you outline some of the kinds of cheating we adults ought to be vigilant for? The University of Texas complied a very comprehensive list of cheating strategies, which Ive included in the  Appendix  of my paper  Academic Practices, School Culture Cheating. Youve raised a good point with regards to sophisticated forms of cheating. One of the problems we encounter in deterring cheating is that some kids can simply outsmart us. While writing my paper I was in touch with many educators around the country. At one point I received an e-mail tip that there was a discussion going on among some students on one of the major graphing calculators listserv whereby students were sharing how they had outsmarted teachers. The following was one of the entries that day: Concerning teachers clearing memory before test, just write a memory clearing simulation program. I had a bunch of formulas I needed for an Algebra test stored in a program. I wrote a program that would simulate almost every function after [2ND] [MEM]. I even had a blinking cursor. The only problem I had was with Page Up and Page Down and having two menus at the bottom of the screen. When the teacher started around the room clearing memories, I went ahead and executed my program, doing a fake total memory clear. When she came around, she saw the memory cleared, defaults set screen, and went on to the next person. What a dumb ass! So, yes, dealing with the more sophisticated forms of cheating is a reality. How can teachers keep ahead of their students when it comes to recognizing electronic cheating? This might seem simplistic, but, first, students need to understand why cheating is wrong. Dr. Lickona defined a few in his book Educating For Character: It will ultimately lower your self-respect, because you can never be proud of anything you got by cheating.Cheating is a lie, because it deceives other people into thinking you know more than you do.Cheating violates the teachers trust. It undermines the whole trust relationship between the teacher and his or her class.Cheating is unfair to all people who arent cheating.If you cheat in school now, youll find it easier to cheat in other situations later in life - perhaps even in your closest personal relationships. Secondly, when essay topics are generic in nature, there seems to be more opportunity to cheat. However, when the essay topic is specific to class discussions and/or unique to the courses stated goals, it becomes more difficult for students to go to web sources to lift material or download papers. Additionally, when the teacher expects that the papers development will follow a step-by-step process that requires them to document their topic, thesis, outline, sources, rough draft and final draft there are fewer opportunities to cheat. Conversely, when a paper suddenly appears with no documented process, then teachers should be wary. Lastly, if there are regular in-class writing assignments, a teacher can come to know the students writing style. Lastly, teachers might want to familiarize themselves with the major web sites which offer papers to students for a fee. Plagiarism seems so much harder to spot when students only have to cut and paste materials. How can you recognize electronic  plagiarism? I suspect the teachers reading this might offer many worthwhile tips. To me, however, the best way is to simply know the students writing style. At times we have even asked the students previous teacher to help us to determine whether the paper or a section of a paper was consistent with the students work from the previous year. The difficulty comes when youre convinced that something isnt quite right and the student denies any wrongdoing. Different schools will handle this situation in different ways. Prevention at School Does a Code of Ethics or an Honor Code help keep most unethical academic behavior in check? Only if students and faculty have bought into the system! This is the biggest challenge with honor codes. It will be very difficult, if not impossible, to establish an honor code, or any effort to deter cheating for that matter, if students are not permitted to play a role in developing the solution. Social Psychologists, Drs. Evans and Craig speak of the weight of the communities attitudes in determining the potential success of an Honor Code. Intuitively, beliefs about the efficacy of strategies to reduce or prevent cheating may predispose success or failure. For example, if students believe that an honor system to promote academic honesty wont work, chances for success of the system introduced by their teachers may be jeopardized from the outset. Dr. Gary Pavela, the director of judicial programs at the University of Maryland and the past president of the National Center for Academic Integrity, fully supports the notion of student participation in formulating an Honor Code: Such balancing and sharing of authority is premised upon the assumption that control of academic dishonesty will not be accomplished by threat of punishment alone. Ultimately, the most effective deterrent will be a commitment to academic integrity within the student peer group. Only by giving students genuine responsibility in a collaborative effort with faculty and staff can such a commitment be fostered and maintained. Trusting students to participate in the establishment, promotion and enforcement of community values is a difficult challenge. Traditionally, schools have been hierarchical with students being at the bottom. But educators are realizing that when trusted and when given an opportunity to participate in the vision of the school, students have a great deal to contribute. Moreover, this participation has had other positive consequences. Namely, the adolescent desire to belong has results in expressions of loyalty to the school, rather than the sub-group. The more of this type of loyalty which we can inspire, the less cheating behavior we will see. Prevention at Home I have always felt that parents should review their childrens work regularly to see what is being accomplished. Does this help prevent cheating? I am sure that this is important, but as the student gets older and more independent, it is less likely that parents will be checking work. The most important thing parents can do is to model integrity. Just last night I was attending a movie with my family. My son ran into a classmate whose father was in the adjacent line. When we simultaneously reached the front to purchase our tickets, we all clearly heard the boys father say One adult, two children to the ticket agent. Since the childrens age for a reduced rate was clearly demonstrated on the board and our sons were the same age it was obvious that the father lied about his sons age in order to reduce his fee by a couple of dollars. Although such a white lie seems harmless, it models to children that corners can be cut, little lies dont matter and honest is good when its expedient. How Teachers Can Help Prevent Cheating Model integrity, no matter what the cost.Dont assume young people know why cheating is wrong, both from a personal and corporate perspective.Enable students to understand the meaning and relevance of an academic lesson.Foster an academic curriculum which perpetuates the real-world application of knowledge.Dont force cheating underground - let students know that you understand the pressures and, at least initially, be reasonable in responding to violations. Tips for Foiling Electronic Cheating Catching students who cheat has always been part of your job as a teacher. The wrinkle these days is that electronic cheating is wide-spread in addition to all the other forms of cheating you and I are accustomed to. Here are five ways to catch your students when they cheat. 1. Use a PDS (Plagiarism Detection Service) like  Turnitin.com  to catch plagiarism. The service is used by thousands of schools and universities worldwide. Basically Turnitin.com compares your students papers with those in their enormous databases. Similarities are highlighted so that you can review the findings easily. 2. Forbid the use of smart devices in exam rooms. Students are extremely savvy when it comes to devising ways to use common electronic equipment to cheat. Be alert to these techniques. Sending text messages via cell phone is more common than you realize. Watch for earphones which can be extremely tiny and are used to play back notes. 3. Lock down your grade program and database. Hardly a day goes by without some chilling story about hackers breaking into a schools academic database and changing grades. Keep your computer secure by using secure passwords. Set your screen saver to activate in password protected mode after 2 minutes of inactivity. 4. Look for crib notes anywhere and everywhere. Students can write notes on the most ordinary things like gum wrappers and bottle labels and bring them safely into the exam room UNLESS you are watching carefully or ban them completely. So, be a grinch and pick up wrappers and miscellaneous bits of paper wherever you see them. You can fit many pages of information on a small piece of paper using very small fonts. And its edible too. 5. Be vigilant. Trust but verify. A cautious Trust but verify! approach to dealing with cheating will pay off. Use the same approach in your classroom. Be aware of the possibilities for cheating which are all around you. Resources Cheating: Today’s High School Norm?High-Tech Cheating on the Rise at SchoolsOne Third of Teens Use Cellphones to Cheat in School Article edited by  Stacy Jagodowski

1. Interest Groups2. Political Party3. Bureaucratic Agency (Gov Essay - 1

1. Interest Groups2. Political Party3. Bureaucratic Agency (Gov. Agency) - Essay Example All the relevant and necessary information concerning this group are available in their main webpage (www.girlsnotbrides.org). As per the detailed website, some of the objectives of this group include mobilizing all the required financial and policy support to fight child marriages, enabling coordination and learning between groups working to halt early child marriages, and, importantly, creating global awareness of the damage that early child marriages portend to the individual, the community and the world at large. The group seeks to amplify the cries of girls often forced with or coerced into early marriage. The administrative and financial management of the group is the function of the Board of Trustees, whose members are equally legally responsible for the decisions and actions of the board. Aside from finance and administration, this board also safeguards the culture of the group and protects its good name. The Advisory Committee advises the Board of Trustees on the policies and strategies of the group. The Executive Director (currently Lakshmi Sundaram0 serves to ensure the group delivers on its stra tegies and draws ever closer to eliminating child marriage. Members of the group are called to exceptional commitment to good governance, accountability and transparency in the group’s goals of eradicating child marriage, work actively with other members, governments and relevant players on all levels towards realizing said goals, and contributing in any way in the group’s activities (Girls Not Brides, 1). The Girls Not Brides group received funding from donors such as the Ford Foundation, IKEA, Nike, Open Society, Skoll, the Dvaid & Lucile Packard Foundation, Kendeda, Sabanci, NoVo, Human Dignity Foundation, amongst other well-wishers (Girls Not Brides, 1). This site can be critical to one interested in politics in order that they may develop better comprehension and enlightened engagement in political processes by enabling one to know how such groups